Connections in Mathematics

Instructor:  Dr. Stephen C. Smith (ssmith@cvgs.k12.va.us)

Course Materials:
The text for this course will be “The Nature of Mathematics”, 10th ed., by Smith (no relation).  You will be responsible for the text while it is in your possession.  A damaged text will be repaired at the student's expense.  We will be using the spreadsheet Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint in class as well.

Methodology: 
The beginning of most class periods will be used to answer questions on the material that is due for that day.  The rest of the class period will consist of a variety of activities which will include lecture, individual and group problem solving, and exploration of questions and concepts.  It is strongly advised that you prepare for each class meeting by working assigned homework problems and by reading and taking notes on the text to be covered in the next class meeting. 

Study Aids:
There are many reference books and web sites widely available that can serve as study aids for this course. Specifically, WolframAlpha.com has proven useful at times.  However, it is unlikely that any materials beyond those provided in class will be necessary.  If you feel at any time that you require additional assistance, please discuss this with me at the beginning or end of the next class meeting.

Participation:
You should plan to be actively involved in class.  This means being attentive and participating in class discussions and activities.  

Absences (consult the Student Handbook for additional information):
When you miss any amount of class time, for any reason, it is your responsibility to contact a student colleague in the class to obtain the information you missed.  

Foreseeable absences for any reason need to be discussed with the instructor in advance.  Failure to do so will result in an unexcused absence.

If a student is absent (excused) for only one class meeting, upon return he/she is expected to have completed the work which was due on the day of absence.  If a test was missed, the student is expected to take the test on the day of return.  If a student misses two or more consecutive class meetings, he/she should talk to the instructor to devise a plan to catch up.  

Work missed because of an unexcused absence cannot be made up.  If a test is missed because of an unexcused absence, then that test grade will be lowered by 10 points for each day late.  

Tardiness (consult the Student Handbook for additional information):
You are expected to be in our class, ready to learn, by our starting time.  Given my responsibilities as the Director of the Governor’s School, I might not be in the room; that does not relieve you of your responsibility to be in the class, ready to learn, by the beginning of class.  I will permit one unexcused tardy without any grade penalty.  After that, I will lower your semester grade by ½ a point for each unexcused tardy.

Honor Code:
Students are required to pledge all work that they turn in for a grade.  Refer to CVGS Student Handbook for complete requirements.

Grading: 
The grading scale is a standard 11/10/10/10 point scale.

Percentage and Grade Equivalent:
89.5-100 A
79.5-89.4 B
69.5-79.4 C
59.5-69.4 D
Earning less than 60 points will result in a failing grade for the course.
 
Course Description (First Semester):
During the first semester students will work with introductory experiences in symbolic logic, binary and other bases, voting methods, apportionment schemes and paradoxes, probability, conditional probability, set theory, and non-routine problem solving.  Emphasis is placed on conceptual understanding, solving real world applications, and fostering mathematical reasoning and communication.

Specific Course Content and Objectives (First Semester):
the student will be able to: 

  • translate sentences to symbolic form,
  • construct truth tables,
  • state the converse, inverse and contrapositive of statements,
  • determine the validity of an argument,
  • design a simple circuit (or a gate) as a logic application,
  • understand and use basic set theory concepts, including intersections, unions, complements, distributive and De Morgan’s laws, and cardinality,
  • recall and be able to compare and contrast voting methods, voting dilemmas, apportionment methods and paradoxes
  • convert numbers in the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems,
  • recall the processes necessary and properly solve problems related to the Fundamental Counting Principle, permutations, and combinations,
  • compute probabilities and evaluate expected values,
  • compute conditional probabilities,
  • identify and solve problems using an Euler Circuit
  • identify a Hamiltonian Cycle
  • identify and construct a minimal spanning tree
  • solve Traveling Salesman problems
 
The Frist Semester Grade Will be Determined as Follows:
  1. Tests (5@100pts = 500pts) 50 minutes, about ½ recall and ½ application
  2. Test Corrections (5@ 30pts = 150pts) Specific requirements must be met…
  3. Final Exam (1@150pts) Comprehensive semester final based on tests and new content
  4. Homework (12@5 = 60pts) having correct work for the assignment at the beginning of class and having notes on the sections to be discussed in advance
  5. Individual Presentation (with PowerPoint: 30pts) Each student will prepare a PowerPoint and present a section to the class
  6. Projects (3@30pts = 90pts) Application problems (some individual, some in pairs or groups)
  7. Class Participation (20pts): Asking or answering questions well, putting problems on the board, and generally being attentive and engaged
 
It is your responsibility to keep track of the points you have earned and the assignments you have completed.  Six week grades should be viewed as a progress report for the entire semester.  All 6 week grades will be cumulative from the beginning of the semester!
 
Tentative Course Schedule:
We will follow the sequence of topics below, although adjustments will be made depending on how quickly we are able to move as a group.
 
2.1: Symbolic Logic
2.2: Truth Tables and Conditionals
2.3: Operators and Laws of Logic
2.4: Logical Proof
2.6: Logic Circuits 
16.1: Voting Methods
16.2 Voting Dilemmas
16.3: Apportionment
16.4: Apportionment Paradox
Project #1
3.4: Binary + Octal + hexadecimal
10.1: Sets, subsets, Venn diagrams
10.2: Sets—combined operations, DeMorgan’s Laws
10.3: Permutations
10.4: Combinations
10.5: Complex Counting
Project #2
11.1: Probability
11.2: Math Expectation
11.3 Probability Models 
11.4: Calculated Probabilities
Project #3
15.1: Euler Circuits and Hamiltonian Cycles
15.2: Trees and Minimum Spanning Trees
Special Topic
REVIEW FOR EXAM EXAMS
 
Course Description (Second Semester)
This course provides students with experiences in topics of personal finance and investment and the use of EXCEL to facilitate calculations such as those used in an amortization schedule.  Students will also learn the calculus basics necessary to participate in the Senior Science Scenario project during the sixth six weeks.  The use of EXCEL and the free website www.Wolframalpha.com will be explored. 

Throughout the course emphasis is placed on conceptual understanding, solving real world applications, and fostering mathematical reasoning and communication.

Specific Course Content and Objectives: the student will be able to:
Identify how payroll related taxes affect income; topics include
   Gross, taxable and adjusted incomes
   W2 and W4 forms
   Social Security Tax/Medicare, Federal, State, Local payroll taxes
   Tax brackets
 Identify and estimate major household expenses including:
   Housing, insurance, transportation, and miscellaneous living expenses
   College expenses, home purchasing, having a baby
Explore credit card benefits and fees, debit card information, etc.
Compute origination fees, discounts, repayments, and total cost of loans
   Compute simple interest
   Compute compound interest (including discrete and continuous compounding)
Define the terms “stocks,” “bonds,” “mutual funds,” and “annuities"
   Compute the effective (annual) yield
   Compute average annual returns
   Compute the present and future value (given certain assumptions) of annuities
Create an amortization schedule for a home purchase
Use Microsoft Excel to numerically investigate data
Use Wolframalpha.com to investigate various mathematical questions
Define, compare, and contrast the average and instantaneous rates of change
Perform elementary differentiation
Apply differential calculus to solve optimization problems
Use Wolframalpha.com to perform elementary integration
Solve ordinary differential equations algebraically
Solve ordinary differential equations numerically using Euler's Method
Complete the Senior Science Scenario Project

 

Tentative Course Schedule:
We will follow the sequence of topics below, although adjustments will be made depending on how quickly we are able to move as a group.
 
Personal Finance (Project 1)
9.1: Simple and Compound Interest
9.2: Installment Loansand Credit Cards
9.5: Annuities
Presentations of Projects
Introduction to Investments
9.6: Amortization
Investments Continued
Personal Finance (Project 2: Buying a Home)
Investments Continued
2.1: Tangent Lines, Limits, and Derivatives
2.2: Basic Differentiation Rules and Rate of Change
Using Wolframalpha.com
3.1: Finding Global Extrema
Project 3 (Calculus)
3.7: Applied Max and Min
3.10: Optimization
4.1: Antiderivatives
Special Topics